Leadership and management 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership and management 2 - Essay Example Purpose and Requirements of Commissioning for GP Consortia in the NHS The purpose and requirements of commissioning of GP Consortia in NHS is as follows: 1. The main objective of GP Consortia Commissioning is to ensure that the design and structure of the health system is unique and innovative and different (Doctors.net.uk, 2011). 2. The Commissioning calls for the designing a healthcare system, which would revolve around the needs and requirements of the patients (Doctors.net.uk, 2011). 3. It also ensures that the NHS resources are properly utilized. Principles and Practice of Commissioning in the NHS Commissioning in the NHS is considered a method and approach, which concentrates on delivering healthcare facilities and services to the general population. Furthermore, the approach is based on the needs and requirements of the patient. The process of commissioning is considered to be â€Å"complex process with responsibilities ranging from assessing population needs, prioritizing he alth outcomes, procuring products and services, and managing service providers† (Department of Health Website, 2011).  Ã‚  In simple terms, commission in the NHS is considered to be the procedure and a methodology, which concentrates on delivery of healthcare resources to the general public. The principles of Commissioning in the NHS are as follows: 1. ... 5. â€Å"Using commissioning not just to retain existing services or commission new ones but, where necessary, to decommission services which are inefficient, ineffective, inequitable or unsustainable† (GP Commissioning Consortia, 2010). 6. Striving for constant and ongoing improvement and enhancement in the healthcare system. 7. Ensuring that performance of the healthcare system is enhanced and improved. Commissioning Process in the NHS The first step is to understand the process of commissioning in the NHS. The Commissioning process in the NHS calls for identification and recognition of the intended healthcare outcomes. Furthermore, it calls for meeting the needs and demands of the general public along with proper utilization of resources and priorities (Department of Health Website, 2011). For this purpose, it is essential to identify the needs and requirements of the public. Healthcare providers are considered to be the main providers of information and knowledge in the st age of understanding. Based on their perspective, services and facilities are designed in accordance to the need and requirements of the public. After the identification of needs and requirements, it is essential to make an assessment. The process of assessment concentrates on delivering services in an effective manner, opting for the best and sustainable option (GP Commissioning Consortia, 2010). The next step calls for the implementation of the commissioning strategies and ensuring that the resources are utilized in a proper way. After the implementation of commissioning strategies, it is essential to review and report the intended outcomes. How a Medical Practice can become Part of a Practice

The Use of 5S in Aviation Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Use of 5S in Aviation Industry - Essay Example ver, the lean system does not only improve the products of the company but also the morality and commitment of the employees (â€Å"Clean and Safe,† 2007; Ramamoorthy, 2007; Levantar, 2012). Relatively, companies that adopted the lean manufacturing systems established the 5S program as the procedure for making the manufacturing environment safe and clean (â€Å"Clean and Safe,† 2007; Levantar, 2012). Particularly, Ramamoorthy (2007) defined 5S program as a â€Å"process designed for planned organizing and standardizing the workplace† (p. 12). Accordingly, the 5S method is a substantial and essential process in implementing the lean manufacturing system in order to acquire and regulate orderly, clean and secure work environment. In relation to this, aerial industries have implemented the 5S program in order to conform to the process of lean manufacturing system. Consequently, this current paper will determine on how aviation industries can implement the 5s process in order to achieve effective and efficient lean manufacturing system. The sortation process is the procedure of segregating and isolating required tools and equipments that are essential in creating a particular product within the work environment. Accordingly, this process involves inventory of materials or tools that are needed and getting rid of those that are not necessary for the work environment. (â€Å"Lean Thinking,† n.d.). In relation to this, the sortation process can be implemented within aviation industries through determining the important equipments and materials in creating aircraft carriers. For example, aviation industries uphold the importance of safe, secure, and functional operating systems, controlling systems, hydraulic systems, fire protection systems, cargo loading systems, flight guiding system, emergency system, oxygen system, electrical system, and water system. Moreover, it is important for an aircraft to have secured and firmed doors and windows that are insulated, well and

Series Of Hong Kong Mainland Conflict Media Essay

Series Of Hong Kong Mainland Conflict Media Essay In 2012 to 2013, there are a series of Hong Kong-Mainland conflict. Hatred towards Chinese is ignited as quarrels between Hong Kong people and Chinese are seen easily in daily life. Some Hong Kong people claim Mainland Chinese as locust since they think Chinese sap the resources and welfare in Hong Kong. The uncivil behavior of Chinese such as shouting in public area can be easily seen and it deepens the Hong Kong-Mainland conflict. The discord even rises into the political level. Thousands of protesters waving British colonial flags showed the view that Hong Kong has their unique history is endemic among Hong Kong people. The upholders think that Hong Kong should not be governed by Mainland government and the One Country Two System should be preserved. While some of the Chinese think that Hong Kong is a part of China so China has the right to interfere the Hong Kong government. In facts, it is time for Hong Kong people think about the question about personal identity of themselves a nd the future of Hong Kong. Marxism and the National Question written by J.V. Stalin discuss about the definition of a nation and the minorities autonomy or self-determination which have reference value in today situation. Background information of this passage The passage was written in 1913. At that time, the spread of newspaper and of literature generally, a certain freedom of the press and cultural institution, and increase in the number of national theatres and so forth, all unquestionably helped to strengthen national sentiments  [1]  . Since there were lots of national movements the Russian Social-Democracy need to express their view towards this phenomenon. Is Hong Kong a nation? According to the passage, Hong Kong has the condition of becoming a nation. Stalin thinks that nation is not racial or tribal which means different race and tribe can combine with a same nation finally. A nation can only be defined as a nation when four conditions are present. The conditions are: formed on the basis of a common language, territory, economic life, and psychological make-up manifested in a common culture. The idea discussed is influential in China as it directed China government to recognized different nation. In fact, I agree the argument stated by Stalin about the definition of a nation. As Born and bred in Hong Kong, I can see a lot of differences between Chinese and Hong Kong people especially when more interactions happened. I think the differences explained why there are lots of conflicts in nowadays. This argument provides evidence to me to support Hong Kong as a nation. The first condition, common language, refers to the spoken language among the citizen rather than the official language. The spoken language in Hong Kong called Hong Kong Cantonese is a unified and special language which mixes up with words and phrases from English and Japanese and dialect from Min Nan etc. or develop some proverb according to the historical factor. Even through there are similarities between Hong Kong Cantonese and Putonghua, the main point is that there is no other spoken language can replace the position of Hong Kong Cantonese. Although both American and British speak English, they are different nation. The reason behind is the second condition, common territory. Only when people live together can become a nation. A part of Hong Kong people migrated from other place such as China and Southeast Asia. They settled down in Hong Kong generation after generation and in the new territory, they build up a new Hong Kong nation. The third factor is economic cohesion. Hong Kong experienced its own economic life which is different from Mainland China. In the early colonial period, Hong Kong is an entrepot trade center in Asia. Until Korea War, the , the entrepot trade in Hong Kong is affected as the United Nation implemented the embargo towards China. The economic transition started. Hong Kong proceeded industrialization and there are lots of light industry such as textile factories, electronic component factories and etc. The economic transition started again when China instituted the Open Door Policy. Hong Kong has become the international financial center until now even though there are barrier such as Asian financial crisis in 1997 and the SARS outbreak in 2003. Besides, the ideology in Hong Kong is different from the Mainland China. Hong Kong government believed in the free market policy in capitalism. Hong Kong was once described by Milton Friedman as the worlds greatest experiment in laissez-faire capit alism while China believed in their socialist market economy. Even though the Hong Kong government is driving economic integration between Hong Kong and China, there are still a lot of differences between two places such as business law, business culture and corporate social responsibility etc. The forth factor, a psychological makeup or national character which is intangible for the observer but cannot be ignored. National character is a not a fixed thing, it vary from different condition of life. The special national character of Hong Kong began to develop in the colonial period. The British culture was diffused and invading the position of traditional Chinese culture or combine with the traditional Chinese culture. Lion rock spirit descried as never give up, hard-working and endurance became a symbol of Hong Kong local and significant culture. After 1997, Hong Kong developed their local core value included democracy, rule of law. In recent year, there are a series of social movements aim at protecting these values, for example, some scholars are planning Occupying Central to strive for true universal suffrage, as Hong Kong government ignore Hong Kongs people feeling and driving integration between two places (some Hong Kong people claim that Hong Kong is turning red). What is Hong Kong future? The right of self-determination means only the nation may arrange its life in the way it wishes. It has the right to arrange its life on the basis of autonomy It has the right to enter into federal relations with other nations. It has the right to complete secession. Nations are sovereign, and all nations have equal rights. Stalin think that a nation has the right to secede especially there is policy of oppression such as restriction of freedom of movement, disfranchisement and repression of language etc. However, it doesnt mean all nations should secession and self-determination is beneficial to all nations. Stalin though that the solution of nation depends on the historical condition in the nation itself. Besides, Stalin connect the fate of national movement with bourgeois movement while he also state that a democratic country giving the opportunity to the nation to have free development can reduce the national struggle to minimum. Rather than secession, I believed the way to solve the national problems by a democratic government and it was a more suitable way for Hong Kong people in the past. As I thought a mature democratic government will not allow oppression policy towards the other nation or tyranny of the majority. Through democratic government, the minority can take advantage and get respect form other nation. Using the Switzerland which has stated by Stalin as an example, the direct democracy system and high level of autonomy in the twenty six states allow different nation enjoy an equal position. However, my view changed after the Catalan independence in last year. Even though there is democracy and autonomy in Catalan, once there are some policy which erode the advantage of the nation, national struggle will be ignited due to the oppressing policy in the past. It reminds me if the Beijing government keeps ignoring Hong Kong peoples demands, for example, the universal suffrage, or even instituting oppr essing policy, self-determination will be the only way for Hong Kong.

Hamlets Antic Disposition Essay -- GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Hamlet

Hamlet's Antic Disposition      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Shakespeare's famous tragedy Hamlet, the main character of the story is one majestically elaborated, aside from being quite complex. There are infinite volumes written about this character because Shakespeare leaves no firm proof of many of his character traits. Yet on Hamlet's antic disposition, meaning his obviously absurd temperament or madness, Shakespeare leaves plenty of reason to believe that it is feigned, meaning that it is simply a ploy to help Hamlet carry out his plans for revenge. It is feigned, meaning that it is faked, merely put on as a faà §ade. This is denoted in various aspects of his antic disposition. Hamlet's antic disposition is self imposed, meaning that he himself decides to appear "mad", assuming the antic disposition willingly because he thinks it meet. It is methodical because there is a system to it. He is able to turn it on and off when he has reason for it; other characters in the play notice it and Hamlet himself states it. Finally, Hamlet's madness is also clever because it allows him to express himself and his thoughts clearly, and through comments full of wit that show his awareness of reality when he mocks other characters in their faces without their noticing. Therefore, Hamlet's antic disposition is not true madness; rather it is feigned because it is self imposed, methodical and clever.    Hamlet's antic disposition is self imposed, meaning that he chooses to impose this disposition upon himself. He willingly appears to be mad in order to obtain all he wants. This comes up in the situation after Hamlet has seen his father's ghost and is with Horatio and Marcellus. He, on this occasion warns them that he does "think meet to put an antic d... ... and off at his will, being it a means for an end. This again, shows that the madness is feigned because true madness lacks method. Finally, the cleverness of his madness shows it to be feigned because he expresses his true opinions through the madness, being able to even mock others willingly, a characteristic that clearly renders his madness fake. Shakespeare lets us know that his main character is mad through all these proofs he leaves behind. Yet there are many other aspects of Shakespeare's Hamlet to be analyzed and discussed, but that you will not find here for they are elsewhere, in endless volumes of infinitely large libraries.    Bibliography:    1. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster Inc., 1958.    2. Wilson, John Dover. What Happens in Hamlet. Cambridge: University Press, 1935.

The Strange Neighbour

Mr and Mrs Brown and their two children decided to go on a holiday on Monday 22nd of December. The day was cold and windy. Mr Brown's mother did not want to go with them, so she decided to stay alone, but Mr Brown did not want his mother to stay alone so he asked one of their neighbour Mr Collins to come and stay with his mother while they are on holiday. Mr Collins was about 25 years old. He was a very interesting person to know. He was friendly but quiet and never said much about his family or friends. Normally every morning he would say hello and smile! Every morning, Monday to Saturday he would go to work from 9 am to 7 pm. Then he would go home make some dinner for himself and then sometimes go and see Mr Brown and his family to have a cup of tea together and talk for a while. They would never talk about anything so personal. Mr Brown and his family after making all the arrangements with Mr Collins left for their holiday to Scotland by car. After reaching their destination safely they phoned their mother to say they have reached safely by car and asked how she was. Afterwards Mr Brown spoke to Mr Collins, just to say hello and to make sure if everything is all right. The next morning Mr Collins went to work after having his breakfast, Mrs Brown made him bacon and eggs for breakfast. He said, â€Å"thank you and bye†. She then had her breakfast and got dressed afterwards. She went of to do the daily shopping at the local supermarket. On her way back home, she went to see her very close friend Mrs Robertson. They had a cup of tea together and gossiped for a while. Then she came back home and prepared dinner. She felt bit alone but she preferred being independent as she liked to be on her own at times, and also liked to do things alone during the day time, but still she missed her family very much. Mr Collins came home and had dinner. He watched TV for a while and then went to sleep. This is what use to happen everyday. A week had passed and it was Tuesday evening, Mr Collins started being very strange and mysterious. Whenever Mr Brown's mother used to take out her jewellery or her money, he would look at her very strangely. On that night he went to sleep bit late compared to other nights. Normally he sleep's by 10 pm. On the morning of Thursday Mr Collins went to work the usual time and returned home at the usual time. Mr and Mrs Brown and their two children were returning home on Friday. Mr Brown's mother was getting excited and was happy that Mr Brown and family were returning home next day. The next day was Friday. Mr and Mrs Brown and their two children were returning home in about three hours. Mr Collins got his things together to go home. He went home and said bye and left in a strange way he looked very strange and worried. Mr Brown's mother closed the door and then went into the kitchen to prepare lunch for Mr & Mrs Brown and their two children as they were going to return home in about one and a half hours. After she made lunch she went upstairs to get dressed and went to take her jewellery out, so she opened her cupboard, but she could not find her jewellery so she got worried. She went to see if her money was their but all of her money had disappeared as well. She then realised that she had been robbed also all her expensive things had been stolen. She called the police; they came just when Mr Brown and his family arrived. She told the police what had happened and also mentioned who was staying with her while her family had gone on a holiday. The police went to Mr Collins house, there was no one there and all his things had gone. They tried looking for him for many years but they never found him. Mr Brown and his family came to know that was the last they saw of him.

Discuss The Relationship Between Stress, Anxiety, Habits And Phobias

In this paper I aim to define what stress and anxiety are and outline the differences between them. These topics form a larger part of the essay as Stress and Anxiety underpin most cases presented to a therapist. I will move onto how phobias and habits are formed. Finally covering off options available to the therapist in order to research all these issues for a given client, understand any hidden agendas, history, treatment strategies and most importantly understand where NOT to treat. Stress ‘a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or demanding circumstances’ (Oxford English Dictionary)This definition shows a specific circumstance; the individual involved is experiencing stress due to an event; be it in the past, current or future tense. Whilst stress can have a negative connotation in the English language, in fact most stress is positive. It is there to protect us. The feeling of ‘stress’ is a reaction which ensures we perf orm appropriately at the right moments. It is a natural reaction to a number of given situations, causing our innate animal instincts to activate and is activated by the hormone Cortizol naturally produced in all mammals.These are commonly known as Flight, Fight, and the lesser remembered, Freeze responses. As such, our sub-conscious will protect us through releasing chemicals in order that we can perform appropriately to deal with the situation. However distressed a client may be, one thing you can use to help them understand is that it is triggered in order to protect us from a threat. Stress becomes an issue when it is inappropriate to the situation. That is not to say that what the client/patient experiences is not real. It may be that the individual has experienced one or more episodes of stress that may not be representative of the subject at hand.It may also be that they are experiencing a consistent level of stress, such as workload, a particular home situation or the need t o consistently to overachieve in all parts of his/her life in a manner that is unsustainable. Avoiding the stressful situation can also be further damaging as this re-affirms the messaging in the brain around the given situation. Types of stress experienced vary and have many labels depending on how they manifest: Acute StressMost common: immediate threat(s), anticipated demand(s) or pressure(s). Episodic Acute StressRecurring: Overabundance of tasks, tends to become habitual to individual.Chronic StressPerpetual: Unable to see resolution, due to its constant nature it can go unnoticed by sufferer. HyperstressOverwhelmed: Workload, beyond limits of tasks achievable. HypostressThe ‘Bored’ Stress: Unmotivated, unchallenged. Lacks enthusiasm to innovate, start new challenges. Eustress‘Good’ Stress: Positive events or emotions, motivational, largely ignored. I have separated Traumatic Stress and Post Traumatic Stress as these sit under the title of Anxiety in t he next section. Individuals will experience physical responses to a stressful situation or ongoing stress; some common, some more specific to the individual.These include: sweating, shakes, fast heart rate, dry mouth, upset stomach, acid reflux, releasing of stools, muscles tensing, headaches, other aches, lack of sleep, fatigue, loss of self esteem. Anxiety ‘a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an uncertain outcome’ (Oxford English Dictionary) This definition shows that instead of the specific circumstance seen in stress, anxiety is in comparison ill-defined. Sustained stress or specific traumatic event(s) can lead to anxiety. These may be rational or irrational; however, they manifest as very real to the sufferer.It may even be that the sufferer understands that their anxiety is irrational, but is unable to control it. It is important for a hypnotherapist to understand where they can and cannot treat in relation to Anxiety. The therapist sh ould discuss any anxiety cases with their supervisor, it may be that the case requires GP approval. In certain cases such as PTSD the therapist may need to refer to a multi-disciplinary team (or be part of). One way or another, the key here is caution, ask advice and make sure you are cleared to move on with treatment. There are many types of Anxiety Disorders, here are some:General AnxietyMost common: Constantly nervous, anxiousness where Disorder (GAD)there is no specific cause is obvious. GP/Supervisor Panic AttacksTriggered with no apparent cause: Response to sustained stress/anxiety. GP/Supervisor PhobiasBroad Subject: From Feathers to Flying, Social, Crowds, Spiders. Can be anything and is very real to the sufferer. Traumatic StressReactive Anxiety, similar to PST. Response to a traumatic event. THIS MUST NOT BE TREATED. GP/MULTI-DISCIPLINARY TEAM. Post Traumatic StressReactive Anxiety Disorder, response to severe traumatic (PTSD)event.THIS MUST NOT BE TREATED. GP/MULTI-DISCIP LINARY TEAM. Obsessive-CompulsiveObsessive thoughts, released through the compulsion Disorder (OCD)to act on thoughts. Comes in many forms. As with stress there are many physical responses, which include, all those mentioned in the stress section. There are specific symptoms for specific types of anxiety, for example in a Panic Attack, the sufferer truly believes they may die and feel entirely helpless. Anxiety suffers release strong emotions at certain times such as anger or they may cry or want to run from the situation.Due to the perpetual nature of anxiety issues, nausea, extreme exhaustion, restlessness and obsessive focus on negatives are common. Essentially it shows a loss of control. Treatment of Stress and Anxiety Whilst you may have three clients showing the same symptoms the underlying the reasons will be different for each. It’s key to spend time understanding the background to the issue, to ascertain whether the client remembers the trigger and for the therapist to spend time understanding the reason they are feeling this way, when it occurs, how it occurs and the symptoms.It may be that the initial reason they believe the stress or anxiety situation occurs is a red herring and perhaps they are unaware of another reason. Regression may be required to fully understand the history, especially if it’s clear that the issue has its roots back in childhood, this may also provide positive imagery that can be re-used in a script. For example, a bad flyer may have roots in childhood experience, but similarly remember a good experience flying that may be re-used during a script.‘Problematic imagery is reported by clients with almost all anxiety disorders, with the specific content of the images relating to the clients’ main fears that are central to the clinical disorder’ (Hirsh and Holmes 2007: 161). ’ I like the suggestion of asking the client about their dreams as well as using their interests and using this image ry to work through a script appropriate to the situation. There seems to be a lot of evidence to show that there is a direct correlation between how vivid imagery is for an individual and how powerful the feeling is towards the negative situation.That’s not to say those with different modalities suffer less, but it’s a consideration. So for someone who can easily envisage the worst scenario their stress levels may considerably increase. On the flip side this also means a therapist can use this to their advantage and treat using strong visual tendencies. If the therapist can focus on a positive image from the clients key interests or dream subjects. Outside of the specific script to the given situation, helping the client learn to relax through a relaxation script (and take-home recording) is key to working through stress issues.I also like the approach of the ego-strengthening scripts for those who are experiencing stress due to self-belief, it’s a good basis to build on during treatment sessions before the therapist can move onto specific reframing or programming of a perception. Having also read a number of ‘rehearsal’ scripts I find these a very positive approach to dealing with stressful situations, although again it would be prudent to ensure you are not trying to ‘fix’ an issue up front without understanding the underlying history and cause.Also looking to take  the negative thoughts, feelings and/or images and find a way of disposing of them in some way using appropriate modality. I think this is a key action to take within a script as those suffering stress or anxiety will primarily focus on the main negative, it will consume thoughts and feelings. In ‘purging’ them, the client can symbolically get rid of those before moving onto a more positive view of their given experience. Anxiety issues require special consideration. OCD for example, requires specific training. PTSD, a specialist team w ould need to be involved. Key focus areas would be things like GAD and Phobias.Phobias will be described later in the paper. GAD still requires GP approval to treat using Hypnotherapy. Without wishing to go into too much depth it is key to mention two methods for use with PTSD; Eye Movement Desentisation Reward (EMDR) and Visual Kinesthetic Reward (VKR). Phobias A fear or phobia may root from a number of given sources. It’s possible the client knows when it occurred originally. It’s equally possible that they do not (even if they say they do). So as described above it’s key to discuss the issue and clearly understand the history, the manifestation and perhaps regression may be required.The phobia may have been caused by several sources. It may also be that whilst the individual may say they are phobic of a particular situation or object, this could be masking the real fear (hidden agenda). So whilst you have a treatment plan, keeping an open mind is key. Reasons for Phobias Occurring: Severe Stress relating to a particular object/event/location. The mind associates that with that. It could be that the object of fear is not the real issue. For example; fear of red doors. Perhaps an individual had to walk through a red door every time they went to the solicitors to meet with the estranged spouse.This issue is potentially the pain of the divorce, loss of children rather than the door, but the mind’s association is with the door. Specific Experience or Number of Experiences. Fear created through a negative experience that frightened the individual. Perhaps getting stuck in a lift once for a long period would be enough of a severe trauma to create a phobia of lifts or a number of bad experiences in lifts (feeling squashed/delays in the lift moving/jolting action) create a phobia over time. Learned Fear.Something we associate with animals, demonstrating good stress in practise in a natural environment. It can be learned from a mother or o ther significant person. So perhaps the mother has a fear of the sea and transmits it to her children. Treatment is similar to the approach for stress. The key is to understanding why/how/history. Its important to look at the root cause and in particular if there are any hidden agendas. Whilst its possible to do things like a rehearsal script and important to build in confidence building/ego-strengthening, these may only temporarily help the situation.Ultimately, indentifying and tailoring a solution based around the original cause is key to a successful treatment plan. The use of a signal from the client allows them to indicate if the therapy is moving too quickly (given they may be experiencing stressful moments in trance) or they have arrived at a certain point. This allows the therapist to ensure the pacing is correct for the client and that they gain the most from the session. Habits Similar to stress this can appear to have a negative connotation but of course we have many goo d habits in our lives.We can all develop bad habits, these may be learnt or absorbed from others. It’s also possible these have occurred over a period of time as a coping strategy for another issue. Again, in this situation its key to understand why the habit is in place and look at a reasonable alternative coping strategy. Two ways to address a habit: Client seeing themselves living without the habit, using their motivations and drivers (such as how they look, feel, etc) Detrimental effects of continuing, so the client will associate the negative affects or perhaps even a negative view (like a cigarette being a charcoal stick)